Light sensitivity in the eye is a condition called “photophobia” in the medical literature. Photophobia is the hypersensitivity of the eyes to light and creates a feeling of discomfort. This condition may manifest itself with symptoms such as burning, stinging, watering and even pain in the eyes when exposed to bright light sources. This problem, which affects eye health, usually occurs as a symptom of an underlying disease. So, what are the causes of light sensitivity in the eye? Here are the details:
Causes of Light Sensitivity in the Eye
1. Dry Eyes
Dry eyes are one of the most common causes of light sensitivity. The tear film provides protection by keeping the eyes moist. However, this protection may be insufficient in people with dry eyes, resulting in sensitivity to light.
2. Migraines and Headaches
Migraine headaches are a neurological disorder that can cause light sensitivity. During migraine attacks, light detection mechanisms in the brain become sensitive, and even lights that normally do not cause discomfort can become a source of intense discomfort.
3. Eye Infections
Eye infections, such as conjunctivitis, cause inflammation on the surface of the eye. This can cause the eyes to become more sensitive to light.
4. Cornea Problems
The cornea is the transparent layer that covers the outer surface of the eye and allows light to enter the eye. Corneal infections, scratches, or ulcers can increase sensitivity to light.
5. Uveitis (Inflammation of the Eye)
Uveitis is inflammation of the inner layers of the eye. This condition is often accompanied by severe sensitivity to light. Uveitis is often associated with immune system diseases or infections.
6. Cataract
Cataract is clouding of the lens of the eye. This condition can prevent light from refracting properly within the eye, causing light sensitivity.
7. Eye Injuries
Light sensitivity can occur with any physical trauma to the eye, especially if it causes damage to the cornea or retina.
8. Refractive Surgeries and Laser Operations
After laser eye surgery, temporary sensitivity to light may occur. This condition usually subsides within a few weeks.
9. Nervous Disorders
Some neurological conditions, especially those related to the brain (for example, meningitis), can cause light sensitivity in the eyes.
10. Albinism and Pigment Deficiencies
Albinism patients, who have a lack of pigment in the skin and eyes, are more sensitive to light because they reflect more light.
Symptoms of Light Sensitivity
- Feeling discomfort or pain in bright lights
- Watery and burning eyes
- Triggering a headache or migraine
- Temporary impairments in visual clarity
- Redness of the eyes
How to Treat Light Sensitivity?
Treatment of light sensitivity depends on determining the underlying cause. Here are the frequently used treatment methods:
1. Tear Drops
Artificial tear drops are used for sensitivity caused by dry eyes. These drops reduce sensitivity by moisturizing the eye surface.
2. Use of Light Filters and Glasses
Glasses with photochromic or polarized lenses can be a soothing solution for people with light sensitivity. These glasses reduce harmful UV rays and glare.
3. Migraine Treatment
If light sensitivity is caused by migraine, medications for migraine treatment can be used. Stress management and lifestyle changes may also be helpful.
4. Anti-inflammatory Treatment
For conditions such as uveitis or eye infections, your doctor may recommend antibiotics or corticosteroid drops.
5. Eye Health Protective Measures
- Avoid bright screens and direct sunlight in daily life.
- Light your work environment appropriately.
- Add omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin A to your diet.
When Should You See a Doctor?
- If light sensitivity has a sudden onset.
- If accompanied by pain, redness or loss of vision in the eyes.
- If the sensitivity becomes increasingly severe.
Light sensitivity in the eye is often a warning sign and should be taken into consideration to protect your eye health. Understanding the underlying cause and applying the correct treatment is important to alleviate this discomfort.
If you experience light sensitivity, Dr. As Ömer Takeş Eye Clinic, we are pleased to offer a comprehensive evaluation and treatment service. Don’t neglect your eye health, contact us for expert support!